Incrementalism in the Conduct of Defense Policy in Brazil
Implications for the National Defense Industry and Arms Exports (2008-2025)
Giovanni Hideki Chinaglia Okado

Abstract
This article examines the conduct of defense policies directed at the national defense industry (IND) and arms exports since the 2008 National Defense Strategy (END). It argues that the Ministry of Defense’s (MD) decisions follow an incremental logic, maintaining the status quo of these policies and limiting the sector's international scale. Grounded in Charles Lindblom’s incrementalism and Keith Krause’s defense economics, the study adopts a case study methodology to analyze the effects of political decisions on budget executions, strategic projects, and arms exports. The article concludes that the persistence of this incremental logic inhibits the defense transformation intended by the END. Finally, it recommends restructuring the MD’s decision-making process to achieve effective coordination of the entire system.
Resumo
Este artigo examina a condução das políticas de defesa direcionada à indústria nacional de defesa (IND) e à exportação de armas desde a Estratégia Nacional de Defesa (END) de 2008. Argumenta-se que as decisões do Ministério da Defesa (MD) seguem uma lógica incremental, mantendo o status quo dessas políticas e limitando a escala externa do setor. Fundamentado no incrementalismo de Charles Lindblom e na economia de defesa de Keith Krause, adota-se o método de estudo de caso, analisando os efeitos das decisões políticas nas execuções orçamentárias, projetos estratégicos e exportações de armas. Conclui-se que a persistência da lógica incremental inibe a transformação de defesa pretendida pela END. Recomenda-se, enfim, a reestruturação decisória do MD para a coordenação efetiva do processo.
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How to cite this article
Giovanni Hideki Chinaglia Okado, “Incrementalism in the Conduct of Defense Policy in Brazil: Implications for the National Defense Industry and Arms Exports (2008-2025),” Global Diplomacy 1, no. 1 (2026), https://globaldiplomacy.us/incrementalism-in-the-conduct-of-defense-policy-in-brazil.
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